Bone fracture
Understanding the effects of microgravity on bones is essential, given long-distance spaceflight. Bone mineral density (BMD) is known to decrease during long spaceflights. While the risk of fracture in a microgravity environment is believed to be low, the potential risk of fracture increases upon re-entry into the gravitational environment. The aim of this study was to identify areas of the skeleton with a high risk of fracture after a long-duration spaceflight and to determine the management protocols for those fractures.
This challenge is represented in the changes that occur to the bones during and after spaceflight, which are different from those in which they climbed from Earth, where the risk of fracture increases due to the fragility that they inflict as a result of being affected by different gravitational fields. Osteoporosis is a medical condition of the skeleton characterized by low bone mass and severe skeletal deterioration This increases the possibility of a fragility fracture (i.e. a fracture caused by little or no trauma).
The danger stage in this challenge begins with the Earth orbit and what is beyond that from the lunar orbit or the Mars flights, which pass for a period longer than a year. As for what is less than that, it is acceptable
Experiments are conducted on the risk of bone fractures on mice as models, due to the prohibition of using humans as experimental mice, and given that this challenge is one of the challenges that threatens the lives of astronauts in particular, and the mission of the flight as a whole, a reference unit has been created for the risks of bone fractures in flights to the moon and Mars. In this predictive unit, the calculation of Mechanical loads applied to the bones using biomechanical models / algorithms The modeling of these risks focused on activities that could lead to severe fractures such as fracture: the spine, wrist or thigh. Then, mechanical loads were calculated for these specific structural sites, for the following activities: Lifting Heavy objects up to 60 kg, accidental falls or deliberate jumps from 1 to 2 meters.
Prevention of early fragility fractures consists in performing the necessary tests and analyzes to detect bone mineral levels. However, because data cannot reflect the full effects of spaceflight on fracture risk, space travel generally causes osteoporosis leading to fracture and this can be determined by a risk factor. Injury {FOC} But unless doctors can get to the point where it is necessary to reduce the load to avoid fracture, and structural changes due to aging are now being studied, to assess whether the changes caused by spaceflight are irreversible, and thus can combine with changes expected due to aging.
It is to treat and confront it before the fracture occurs The Bone Summit Committee recommended the implementation of a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) method of risk monitoring due to its extensive evaluation of the effects of spaceflight on the hip, which includes changes in the volumetric bone mineral density (BMDs) of the hip subregions (the cortical and trabecular bone compartments) and the geometry of the entire hip bone. In addition, these traditional QCT measurements have been validated as predictors of hip fracture in elderly men and women.
(Gap Osteo 3). Extended description of bone by QCT can be used to create finite element models that can be analyzed to estimate hip bone strength for specific directions of hip mechanical loading.
Exercising with the Advanced Resistance Exerciser (ARED), T2 treadmill and CEVIS tachymeter with vibration isolation and stabilization (CEVIS) on the International Space Station (ISS) is part of a core long-term spaceflight strategy to mitigate BMD loss. Additionally, studies have shown that bisphosphonates have an additive effect in preventing bone loss. However, in the event of a fracture, treatments that improve bone healing in space (in addition to standard management methods such as splinting) include the use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, electromagnetic field therapy, and intermittent subcutaneous injections of parathyroid hormone. In the event of a complex fracture, surgical intervention with a universal external fixation device can be a viable option
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